Chicken facts

Image credit: Valerie Kuypers / World Animal Protection

All domestic chickens are descended from wild junglefowl that are native to Southern Asia but they have been living with humans for more than 5,000 years.

Chickens are way more intelligent and sensitive than many people think. These clever creatures are the closest living relatives to the Tyrannosaurus Rex. 

Chickens also have very interesting bone structures; they have more bones in their necks than giraffes and all their bones are very light. Some of their bones are hollow and called ‘pneumatic bones’. They actually form part of chickens’ respiratory systems and work with the lungs to help them breathe.

Like people, and many other animals, different chickens have different personalities. Some birds are bold and feisty,  others are shy and cautious. These personalities are key to helping chickens arrange themselves and their flock into a ‘pecking order’.

Chickens also have brilliant eyesight. They can see both close-up objects and panorama views clearly and can identify different colours, which helps them search for food. Interestingly they can distinguish people they know from strangers.

Chickens explore great distances foraging for food, scratching at the ground to reveal seeds and insects. They will warn each other of potential danger and communicate with over 30 different calls. A rooster will often call to hens when he has discovered food, and hens will do the same to help their chicks eat.

What is the problem with factory farming chickens  

Globally about two-thirds of chickens reared for meat each year (40 billion birds) are kept in factory farming systems made up of huge, crowded sheds, or cramped cages – often with no room to move, natural light or fresh air. These chickens suffer at every stage of their short lives. 

Chickens are bred to grow unnaturally large and unnaturally quickly. Due to their overgrown size and growth rate, these chickens suffer from conditions such as:

• Painful lameness
• Overworked hearts and lungs
• Wounds including skin sores and burns  

As farms become increasingly industrialised to meet the growing global demand for chicken meat, chickens are bred to grow up to three times as fast as traditional breeds in a short space of time. This comes at an enormous cost to the welfare of the birds.

An industrial chicken shed can hold tens of thousands of birds. This extreme overcrowding makes it difficult for chickens to move or behave naturally, unable to peck or spread their wings.

Most industrial chicken sheds are bare except for lines of food and water dispensers. Chickens are unable to perform natural behaviours, such as perching, foraging, exploring and dust-bathing. These activities would normally keep them active and healthy.

Chickens use vision as their main sense, and their colour vision is very well developed and designed to be used in brightly lit conditions. Despite this, most industrially farmed chickens spend their whole lives in gloomy, closed sheds without any natural light. This means that the chickens tend to move around less, which can lead to leg problems.

The unnatural conditions in factory farms deny chickens their instinctual behaviours and cause extreme psychological and physical suffering.

We believe all animals deserve a good life. One that doesn’t hurt. Our campaign’s demands are technically detailed and vary from country to country, but the focus of our asks can be broadly summarised as follows:

• Slower-growing chicken breeds are used who grow at a more natural rate
• Chickens have enough room to move around and exhibit important natural behaviours
• Chickens are able to enjoy proper enrichment that keeps them healthy and active
• Chickens benefit from natural light and proper periods of darkness for rest
• No use of cages
• A reduction in the use of antibiotics in farm animals - enabled by moving to higher welfare farming systems

With our supporters’ help, we pushed Burger King UK, Nando’s UK and KFC in six European countries to commit to higher chicken welfare by joining the Better Chicken Commitment which will give better lives to tens of millions of chickens. Our work to move KFC Australia and KFC India to do the same continues.

Chicken producers must provide more space, stimuli to keep birds active, natural lighting and use slower growing breeds to improve physical and mental wellbeing of the chickens on their farms.

Our chicken welfare report, 'Valuing Higher Welfare Chicken' report, found that producing chicken in better conditions is far cheaper than previously believed. The research in Brazil, China, USA and Thailand means that billions of chickens around the world could suffer less as cost can no longer be used as an excuse by restaurants, retailers and producers. The improvements proposed in the report to give intensively farmed chickens better lives can be easily introduced to most existing systems.